Alpha Lipoic acid – Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) functions as a cofactor for certain mitochondrial enzymes, exhibits antioxidant activity as well as enhancing the regeneration of other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and glutathione. ALA is synthesized by the human body but can also be found in small amounts in many foods. ALA has been found to be useful for preventing or treating Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning, burning mouth syndrome, diabetes, hepatitis, myopathy, disorders of taste and vitiligo. It also can be used to chelate copper in patients with Wilson’s disease.

Beta-sitosterol – Beta-sitosterol is part of a group of compounds with chemical structures similar to cholesterol. Beta-sitosterol will reduce prostatic hypertrophy and help lower LDL-Cholesterol levels. Foods high in phytosterols are peanuts, soy, olives, sesame, and pumpkin seeds.

Butyric acid – Butyric acid is also called butanoic acid which is a fatty acid ester found in animal fats and plant oil. It makes up about 4% of butter and contributed to the disagreeable odor when it turns rancid. Butyric acid is used as a supportive agent in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such diarrhea, diverticulitis, colitis, and radiation induced inflammation. It is found in butter, cheeses, milk, yoghurts, cream, sauerkraut, and other fermented soy products.

Co Q 10 – also known as ubiquinone, Coenzyme Q 10 is a fat soluble that is largely synthesized in vivo and acts as a cofactor in the cellular electron-transport chain. CoQ10 has antioxidant properties, enhances immune function, and provides resistance against infection. It is used for a variety of conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, Parkinson’s disease, migraines, Cerebellar ataxia, hearing loss, Muscular dystrophy, tinnitus, myopathy, infertility, myelodysplasia, and AIDS.

DHEA – Dehydroepiandrosterone is an androgenic hormone secreted by the adrenal glands and in smaller amounts by the testis and ovaries. DHEA and DHEA-S are precursor hormones and are metabolized to testosterone and estrogen and may serve an immune function. DHEA levels decline as we age and therefore are often provided as a supplement in older patients. DHEA has been used to treat autoimmune diseases, Crohn’s disease, depression, dysthymia, erectile dysfunction, low adrenal function, menopause, motion sickness, osteoporosis, schizophrenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, female sexual dysfunction, ulcerative colitis and urticaria.

Diindolylmethane (DIM) – Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol a compound that is found in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. DIM is thought to be effective in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. DIM supplements have not been found to have serious side effects but may cause an increase in bowel movements, a darkening of urine headaches, and gas and bloating. Nausea and vomiting as well as skin rash are less common side effects.

5-Hydroxy tryptophan – 5-Hydroxy tryptophan (5-HTP) is a metabolite of L-tryptophan and a precursor to serotonin. It is useful in the prevention and treatment of cerebellar ataxia, depression, fibromyalgia, insomnia, migraines, and sleep terrors. 5-HTP is generally well tolerated but may cause some patients to develop nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, heartburn, myalgia, drowsiness, and headaches.

Lithium – Lithium is a mood stabilizing medicine used to treat mania (feeling highly excited, overactive, or distracted), depression, bipolar disorder and to reduce aggressive or self-harming behaviors. Because lithium has known toxic effects on the thyroid gland and kidneys, its use medically has decreased in favor of other medications.

Melatonin – Melatonin is a hormone that is synthesized from tryptophan in both the pineal gland and gastrointestinal tract. Its main function is in regulating the bodies circadian rhythms and enhancing sleep. It also will enhance immune function as well as protect retinal epithelium cells from oxidative damage. Melatonin secretion decline with age in individuals with age related morbidity or due to certain medications. Medical conditions affected by melatonin are age related macular degeneration, cancer, cluster headaches, hemicrania continua, headaches, insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, non-ulcer dyspepsia, sarcoidosis, seasonal affective disorder, tardive dyskinesia, thrombocytopenia, and tinnitus.

N-Acetylcysteine – N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is derived from the amino acid cysteine and is chemically more stable than cysteine. Cysteine is the precursor molecule for the antioxidant glutathione and acts as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. NAC decreases the viscosity of mucus and thus is beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when administered through a nebulized. NAC is useful for acetaminophen overdose, akathisia, bipolar disorder, blepharitis, COPD, cocaine addiction, cystinuria, hyperhomocysteinemia, pulmonary fibrosis, influenza, obsessive-compulsive disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome, schizophrenia, scleroderma, and septic shock.

Phosphatidylserine – Phosphatidylserine is normally found in cell membranes and plays a role in cell-to-cell communication and neurotransmitter release. It is useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and to enhance athletic performance.

Turmeric/curcumin – Turmeric and curcumin are often treated as being one in the same, but while curcumin is a component of turmeric, there is a significant difference clinically between them. Curcumin provides relief from muscle soreness after exercise and because of the helps to cut down on muscle injury. Additionally, it helps slow the aging process of muscle tissue. Curcumin also helps to prevent type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance which in turn lowers one’s blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Additionally, more recent research shows that curcumin is an effective in the treatment of cancer.

Vitamin A – Carotenoids alpha, beta and gamma are converted to Vitamin A primarily in the intestines. Beta carotene is made up of 2 Vitamin A molecules that are linked but is not as biologically active as a single Vitamin A molecule. Only bout 1/3^rd of Beta carotene is absorbed with about 2/3rds converted to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is needed for growth and development of skeletal and soft tissues through differentiation of basal cells into mucus epithelial cells. It is also needed for development of the rods and cones of the eye. Vitamin A maintains the integrity of the mucus membranes and thus has been termed the “anti-infective vitamin” as well as providing protection against the development of breast, lung, bladder skin and cervical cancers.

Vitamin B-12 / Cobalamin – Vitamin B12 is a group of cobalt containing molecules that are termed cobalamins. Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are coenzyme forms that play a role in metabolism. Vitamin B12 plays a role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, homocysteine metabolism, and synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine as well as enhancing nervous system and immune function.

Vitamin B1 / Thiamin – Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin that is present in the body in several forms. Thiamine diphosphate is the coenzyme form which functions as a cofactor for several enzymes that play a role in energy production. Magnesium is needed in order to convert thiamine to its biologically active form. Thiamine deficiency (beriberi) may cause weight loss, weakness, peripheral neuropathy, edema, tachycardia, and congestive heart failure. As thiamine is not stored in the body to any significant extent and therefore a deficiency can occur within 4 to 5 days. Food sources are whole grains, legumes, nuts, meat and enriched flour.

Vitamin B2 / Riboflavin – Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin that is most often found in its biologically active form riboflavin-5’-phosphate and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Riboflavin is primarily involved with the formation of ATP through the cells electronic transport system. ATP is the bodies main storage form of energy and therefore a deficiency can result in fatigue. Riboflavin also is involved in various oxidation-reduction reactions and is a cofactor in the generation of glutathione. Riboflavin also aids in the conversion of vitamin B6 to its biologically active form, pyridoxal phosphate. A deficiency leads to stomatitis (cheilosis), glossitis, weakness, depression, personality changes, anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, keratitis, and conjunctivitis. Food sources are dairy, eggs, legumes, meat, fish, poultry, green leafy vegetables, fruits, and grains.

Vitamin B3/ Niacinamide/Niacin – Vitamin B3 occur naturally in 2 forms, niacinamide and niacin. Vitamin B3 is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) which plays a role in the cellular electron transport system which in turn affects the production of ATP. Vitamin B3 also the precursor to NAD phosphate (NADP) which functions as a coenzyme in oxidation reduction reactions. Vitamin B3 also plays a role in tryptophan metabolism allowing it to be converted to serotonin. Deficiency can result in dementia, dermatitis, and diarrhea. A number of medical conditions such as arteriosclerosis, acne, vertigo, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, opioid addiction, and insomnia to name a few are amenable to treatment with vitamin B3. Food sources are meat, chicken, fish, grains, legumes, and dairy products.

Vitamin B5 / Pantothenic acid – Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) which is involved with the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle for oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, heme, and acetylcholine. It is also needed for amino acid catabolism. Pantothenic acid is useful for the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris, allergic rhinitis and hypoadrenalism.

Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine – Pyridoxine exists in nature in 3 forms, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. The phosphate ester pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), functions as a coenzyme and is a cofactor for more than 50 enzymes. It is involved with lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism as well as steroid hormones. Pyridoxine also plays a role in immune function by being involved in the synthesis of niacin. Because of its involvement in a wide number of enzymes pyridoxine is useful in the prevention and treatment of a large number of medical conditions. Food sources include potatoes, bananas, meat, poultry, fish, and whole grains.

Folate / Folic acid – Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate and is converted to different biologically active folates such as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Folate plays a role in the synthesis of DNA and RNA and is involved in homocysteine and vitamin B12metabolism. It also supports the function of the immune and nervous systems. If inadequate amounts of folate are present, patients develop megaloblastic anemia but also show up as various psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, apathy, confusion, or dementia. Additionally, it can manifest as polyneuropathy, angular cheilosis, glossitis, hypotonia in infants and children and depressed cell mediated immunity. As with other B vitamins a large number of medical conditions are prevented and treated by folate. Foods high in folate are green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes, beets, and whole grains.

Vitamin C – Vitamin C is also called ascorbic acid and can not be made by the human body. Lack of Vitamin C causes scurvy which sailors would get after a few weeks at sea. It is an antioxidant and immune system enhancer. It is essential for the formation of collagen and carnitine. Additionally, it demonstrates antiviral and antibacterial activity and helps hydroxylation reactions in mitochondria, catalyze cholesterol catabolism and is involved in the neurotransmitter metabolism.  Vitamin C affects a large number of medical conditions which is why it is commonly added to nutrient IV solutions for treatment and prevention.

Vitamin D – Vitamin D can be broken down into cholecalciferol (Vit D & D3), ergocalciferol (Vit D2). Vitamin D is synthesized by the skin with exposure to ultraviolet light as well as being absorbed in the small intestine in the presence of bile salts. Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines and increases serum levels which can then be deposited in bone. A lack of Vitamin D can result in the development of rickets, increase in the risk of fractures, development of osteoporosis and development of psoriasis. Sources of Vitamin D are mushrooms, fish, sardines, cod-liver oil, egg yolk, lamb, and beef.

Vitamin E – Vitamin E or tocopherols are made up of 8 naturally occurring compounds that possess antioxidant activity. They can be broken down into, alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols. Alpha-tocopherol has been found to have the highest level of activity. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, stabilized cellular membranes, inhibits platelet aggregation, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Similar to Vitamin C, Vitamin E is useful in the treatment of many medical conditions.

Biotin – Biotin is a B vitamin that functions as a cofactor for enzymes that are involved with carboxylation reactions. Biotin also plays a role in the oxidation and elongation of fatty acids and the oxidation of carbohydrates. It also induces glucokinase, the enzyme that is involved with glucose utilization. It is useful for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, brittle nails, seborrheic dermatitis during infancy and uremic neuropathy.

Vitamin K / Phytonadione – Vitamin K is a general term for a group of structurally related compounds (K1, K2, K3, K4) with a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone nucleus that possess anti-hemorrhagic activity in the body. Vitamin K is most often used to treat arteriosclerosis, cancer, cirrhosis, hemorrhagic disease in newborns, hepatitis, myelodysplasia, nausea & vomiting of pregnancy and osteoporosis. Food sources are green leafy vegetables, soybean, olive, cottonseed and canola oils, cheese, egg yolk and meat.

Zinc – Zinc is a cofactor for a number of metalloenzymes as well as participating in many biochemical pathways. It is involved in DNA and protein synthesis and is an essential element for growth, visual function, hearing, taste sensation, spermatogenesis, sexual development, immune function, and wound healing. Additionally, it acts as an antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes, and demonstrates antiviral activity against some viruses such as COVID-19. Adverse effects of zinc include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, decreased appetite, diarrhea, headache, and a a metallic taste in the mouth. Food sources are seafood, meats, whole grains, wheat germ, dairy products, legumes, peanuts, egg yolk, nuts, and seeds.

References:

Nutritional Medicine            Alan R. Gaby M. D.               Fritz Perlberg Publishing

Concord, NH              2011

Medical Nutrition From Marz 2^nd Edition             Russell B. Marz, N. D.  M.Ac.OM

Omni Press     Portland, OR               August 1997

Textbook of Natural Medicine 5^th Edition Joseph E. Pizzorno N. D., Michael T. Murray, N. D.            Elsevier    St. Louis, MO        2021

One thing you can definitely expect when you are trying to get pregnant is that the ‘shoulds’ and ‘should nots’ are absolutely in full supply. It seems like everyone has the solution or simple, quick fix, and if you would just do x, y, or z, you will become pregnant with ease. As exasperating as those interactions may be, luckily, we are all not the same. Each of us has a unique health profile that may include nutritional deficiencies or underlying conditions. There is no one-size-fits-all meal plan for fertility, a lot of conflicting advice and honestly, a lack of research on the topic. However, there are definitely some solid recommendations coming in strong about what lifestyle changes you can implement to improve the quality of your nutrition, which can boost your chances of conception. Avoiding foods that tend to promote disease and inflammation, and eating more of what fuels your body in a balanced way will lead to optimal fertility potential.

Here are some foods you can focus on, as well as some options you may want to leave behind not just to improve fertility, but for your overall health and well-being!

Foods to Include:

Many researchers believe that the majority of infertility cases can be improved with diet and lifestyle modifications. Women who follow the principles of The Mediterranean Diet have shown improved chances of becoming pregnant.  This nutritional lifestyle focuses on eating an abundance of fruits and vegetables, quality fat sources such as seafood and olive oil, and lean proteins including nuts and legumes.

• Fruits- A study of almost 6,000 women found that a higher fruit intake reduced the chance of infertility and Time to Pregnancy. The type of fruit you eat matters, and you should aim for fruits that are low on the glycemic index (GI) scale to help keep blood sugar levels balanced. Oranges, apples, berries, grapefruit, and mango, are all fruits that are low on the GI scale.  Figs and Black Raspberries are also known for high levels of antioxidants, vitamin c, phytonutrients, and minerals.
• Vibrant Vegetables- High in Folic Acid, green leafy vegetables also have other minerals important to fertility, such as iron, and magnesium. Evidence shows higher folate levels lead to better reproductive outcomes. Most vegetables are also low on the Glycemic Index and provide fiber, which helps you feel satisfied and improves digestion.
• Healthy Fats – Eating healthy fats helps to regulate hormones such as progesterone and testosterone. MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids) are healthy sources of these fats. Good sources of MUFA include olive oil, walnuts, and seeds. Because avocados contain folate, potassium, carotenoids, and other critical compounds for general health such as fiber, MUFA, and antioxidants, they are recommended for reproductive health. PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) plays an important role in androgen synthesis, which may support healthy ovulation. Fish and flaxseed are good sources of PUFA oils.
• High-Quality Protein- While some studies promote mostly plant-based protein options for fertility, such as beans, lentils, and other legumes, also including a variety of satiating animal protein, which is lean and low in saturated fat seems to be the best. Salmon is at the top of the list for its concentration of healthy fats as well. Beans and legumes offer folate, fiber and protein, and a healthy gut microbiome. Eggs are a great source of protein during pregnancy as well because they contain choline, which promotes neurological development, folate, and other vitamins and minerals. Oysters are loaded with Zinc, which helps the ovaries develop and release healthy eggs.
• Complex Carbs – Choose carbohydrate sources with a low glycemic index, like Quinoa, which is high in protein and fiber. Sweet potatoes contain antioxidants called flavonoids, which reduce inflammation, and are a low glycemic starchy vegetable, along with orange squash.

Foods to Avoid:

Following an anti-inflammatory nutrition plan, similar to the Mediterranean Diet, which also includes reducing processed meats and simple sugars, has been shown to increase the chances of conception. Hypoglycemia, Type 2 Diabetes, and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are conditions that make it more difficult to become pregnant. Reducing your intake of unhealthy fats and simple sugars, ingredients often used in convenience foods, can help increase your chances of getting pregnant.

• Trans Fats- A fertility study found trans fats have a negative impact on fertility outcomes. This study directly implicated higher fast food consumption with impaired fertility. Processed meats and other packaged convenience foods contain trans fats. If you find yourself in a situation where you have to eat on the go, packing your meals is the best option, but you can usually find a salad with lean protein, beans, and/or nuts or some fresh produce with hummus or cheese to satiate your hunger.
• Simple Sugars – Foods with a high glycemic index cause spikes in blood sugar that contribute to conditions like Type 2 Diabetes and PCOS. Avoid sweetened, carbonated beverages, skip the soda or sweet tea, and when you drive through for a caffeine fix, focus on unsweetened drinks without added foams or creams. Corn syrup and sweeteners made from sugar beets often contain genetically modified or bioengineered ingredients, and the impact on fertility or hormonal health has not been studied extensively. Naturally sweetened drinks and fruit-essenced carbonated waters are great alternatives.

Foods to Eat Selectively:

• Dairy- Many studies come back with little to no correlation in regards to the effect of consuming dairy products on fertility. One study found a correlation between consuming low-fat dairy and infertility, and others suggest that high-fat dairy may promote fertility. Fermented dairy products like yogurt have added health benefits and should be included in a balanced diet for someone free from sensitivities. Dairy products contain essential vitamins and minerals and can be a flavorful way to enhance a dish.

Nourish Yourself

When you are trying to conceive, you might be tempted to alleviate some of the associated stressors with food. Dietary choices that are more similar to the Mediterranean Diet have been shown to improve conception outcomes for women. Given the widespread Standard American Diet, confusing mixed messages, and diet fads, it’s vital to consult with a holistic fertility specialist who is committed to staying informed on the most current and diverse bodies of research on fertility and nutrition. There is support available to help you integrate these healthier options into your meal and snack routines while also enjoying your food!

You must be gentle with yourself and remember that food is nourishment that can and does heal. Research may not offer a one-size-fits-all, “get pregnant quick” diet prescription, but consuming a balanced diet including healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables will contribute to balanced hormones and keep inflammation at bay. Your fertility doctor can guide you to healthier lifestyle choices that promote ideal pregnancy conditions in the kitchen, while enjoying a meal at a restaurant, or even going through the drive-through. Many of us have used tasty food as a reward, so it can also be helpful to explore non-food ways to treat yourself, too. A diet to promote fertility is not about counting calories or restricting, it’s about being kind to yourself and consuming a variety of whole foods for nourishment that promote health in all aspects.

That a pharmaceutical company would produce and patent a fish oil product does not surprise me in the least as the global market for omega-3 fatty acid products reached $4.1 billion in 2019 and is expected to double by 2025.

In his article the Cardiologist touts Vescepa as being clinically proven to be superior to fish oils based upon the REDUCE-IT cardiovascular outcomes study. What he doesn’t mention is that Vescepa was used mostly in individuals that were already on statin medications and that they only produced a 4.3% to 5.2% improvement over the placebo group for ischemia. The study did show however, that a larger percentage of patients in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group were hospitalized for atrial fibrillation or flutter and that serious bleeding events occurred in 2.7% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group and in 2.1% in the placebo group. The authors of the study that was funded by Amarin, concluded that Vescepa proved superior for treatment of ischemia but no mention was made of its inability to stop the development of atrial fibrillation, flutter and bleeding episodes.

He also cites several studies (Strength, Vital Rhythm and OMENI trials) that show fish oils can lead to the development of atrial fibrillation. However, with regard to these studies, JAMA’s Editor writes: “Considered together, the data from the 4 trials suggest, but do not prove, that there may be a dose-related risk of AF with omega-3 fatty acid intake. At a dose of 4.0 g/d, there was a highly statistically significant increase in risk (nearly a doubling). With an intermediate dose of 1.8 g/d, the increase in risk (hazard ratio, 1.84) did not achieve statistical significance, and with a standard daily dose of 840 mg/d, there was no apparent increase in risk (although the data were consistent with as much as a 24% increase in risk). Patients who choose to take omega-3 fatty acids, especially in high doses, should be informed of the risk of AF and followed up for the possible development of this common and potentially hazardous arrhythmia.”

Additionally, when you read the package insert for Vescepa some interesting things show up, one of the most striking is its propensity to cause atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, but as well musculoskeletal pain, peripheral edema, constipation and gout. The potential for hypersensitivity reactions to those allergic to fish or are on blood thinners or bleed easily are also cautioned against. It also warns that the product may cause pancreatitis in susceptible individuals. The package insert also mentions several animal studies which suggest that use of Vescepa in higher doses would lead to “Non-dose-related imbalances in findings of absent optic nerves and unilateral testes atrophy at human exposures based on the maximum dose of 4 g/day and on body surface area comparisons.” “Additional variations consisting of early incisor eruption and increased percent cervical ribs were observed at the same exposures. Pups from high dose treated dams exhibited decreased copulation rates, delayed estrus, decreased implantations and decreased surviving fetuses (F2) suggesting potential multigenerational effects of icosapent ethyl at 7 times human systemic exposure following 4 g/day dose based on body surface area comparisons across species.”

The package insert goes on to say “Risk Summary
Published studies have detected omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, in human milk. Lactating women receiving oral omega-3 fatty acids for supplementation have resulted in higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in human milk. There are no data on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on the breastfed infant or on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for VASCEPA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from VASCEPA or from the underlying maternal condition.” Considering the animal studies, shouldn’t there be some concern about their use in pregnant women and their effect upon the fetus?

For me there are several takeaways here. First is that this is a synthetic product that can be patented because of the ester bond and marketed at a higher price (ranges from $81.40 at CVS to $165.09 at Rite Aid for 120 capsules or a 1-month supply). Fish oils do not contain ester bonds and therefore are less likely to have the additional side effects that show up with Vescepa. Secondly, as pointed out in the JAMA editorial comments, the “data suggests but does not yet prove” that fish oils are the cause of atrial fibrillation. A number of other things can contribute such as the use of NSAID’s which many people use on a regular basis and were not considered in the clinical trials that looked at atrial fibrillation and fish oil use. Additionally, similar to the subsidizing of physician’s income for ordering statins, there are probably incentives as well for prescribing a pharmaceutical agent as opposed to a less expensive neutraceutical. And lastly, anything in excess such as taking to many prescription drugs, drinking too much alcohol, overeating or taking a lot of neutraceuticals or whatever, can be bad for us. Moderation and the judicious use of all of these things, especially in consultation with your physician is certainly in order.

Thomas A. Kruzel, N. D.

Currently the various vaccines being used were produced under the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) act which are classified as experimental under U. S law and subject to the Nuremberg Code as well as federal regulations that state that no one can force a human being to participate in an experiment without full disclosure and their agreement to participate. EUA approved vaccines carry with them a liability shield authorized under the 2005 Public Readiness and Preparedness Act which holds vaccine manufacturers immune from liability. The recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensing of the Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine removes any protection from the 2005 act and makes them liable should anyone be harmed from taking the vaccine. While employers, state and government agencies can now require vaccination to keep your job because of the FDA’s licensing of this particular vaccine, it also puts Pfizer at increased risk should someone be harmed. Undoubtedly Pfizer will lobby congress heavily to not be held liable. That all being said, apparently there is not enough of the Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine available to vaccinate everyone, so you may be offered the current vaccine authorized under EUA. The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines have as of yet not been licensed. If you are asked to get vaccinated it is recommended that you ask to see the vial to see if it is the Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine. If it isn’t you have the right to refuse and your employer may not use this as grounds to discriminate against you as it is against U. S law and the Nuremburg Code. If it is, and you choose to get the vaccination, remember that Pfizer can be held liable similar to what Monsanto is now experiencing for their Round Up disaster. You can obtain more information at https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/mainstream-media-fda-approval-pfizer-vaccine/?utm_source=salsa&eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=f34e5fbf-195c-4ff7-b4db-8f5b98964da7

The Coronavirus is a highly pleomorphic virus responsible for development of the common cold in humans, particularly during the winter months. The Coronavirus is an RNA virus that like all viruses must have a host in order to reproduce, as it is unable to do so on its own. Because of the viruses need to utilize host DNA and RNA, variations occur due to changes or a mutation in the viruses RNA as it goes through its reproduction cycle. Mutations generally occur slowly over time but some viruses can mutate faster than others. This is the reason that during the cold and flu season, clinical presentations that are seen on the East coast are different than those seen in the Midwest or West coast due to Geographic separation which influences viral development. During the current pandemic different variants have emerged in England, Brazil, South Africa and other areas as well.  The pattern of viral mutation has been around as long as there have been viruses. This changed in 1918 during the pandemic and again in 2002 with the emersion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to a mutation that resulted in a more severe illness in the infected host. Some researchers speculate that the 1918 virus never totally went away but became less infective as it made its way through the population and peoples’ immune systems adapted. Historically a flare-up of viral infections such as the SARS occurs about every 10 to 15 years.

Mutations in viruses, especially the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are to be expected and currently we are seeing variants during the COVID-19 pandemic that are neither new nor unexpected. As long as the coronavirus spreads through the population, mutations will continue to happen. The beta variant gave rise to the delta variant, and this family has continued to evolve giving rise to the current variation, omicron.

Studies of natural infection in volunteers show that reinfection with coronavirus is common which shows that infection does not necessarily produce stable immunity which is one of the big reasons it has been so difficult to make a vaccine.  This is the reason that the vaccine industry has decided to develop an experimental mRNA vaccine that as we have documented, was fast tracked with very little if any testing.

So the question becomes should we be concerned about all of the current and eventual mutations? The answer is really no, there is no reason to be worried or overly concerned as this is a normal process that has been occurring for thousands of years and will continue to do so. What is of concern is the gain of function testing that has been promoted by Anthony Fauci and others that has the potential to develop more virulent viruses similar to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. By doing so we alter normal viral evolution and make it more likely that we will produce a more virulent strain.

As the current pandemic winds down, the newer variations seem to be less and less virulent as the population is exposed and develops natural immunity. The pandemic that is being run by the press, politician and the pharmaceutical companies will continue to use  Covid “variants” to create fear in order to press their agenda forward despite evidence that they are becoming less virulent. Remember that it is not the organism but the soil that allows for infection. If you are not healthy, you are at greater risk for having the virus set up housekeeping in your body and making you sick. Prevention is the best medicine.

Thomas A. Kruzel, N D

Comment: As you may or may not be aware, the number of deaths in 2021 were up 3.42 million verses 3.39 million in 2020 from all causes according to the CDC. This is up from the 2.85 million deaths in 2019 prior to COVID-19 while life expectancy lowered 1.8 years during this period. As we have observed, excess mortality not only rose during the COVID-19 pandemic but rose 40% in the 18-64 age group beginning in 2021 and continuing through the rest of the year according to OneAmerica insurance underwriters. According to the Society of Actuaries, the over all age-adjusted mortality rate for all causes was 16.8%. This is greater than the 11.7% during the 1918 Spanish influenza, a pandemic that was responsible for the deaths of over 25 million people worldwide. According to Scott Davison the CEO of OneAmerica “We’re seeing right now the highest death rates we’ve ever seen in the history of this business.” Additionally, he says that the death rates among working age people, those 18 to 64-years-old, are up 40 percent in the third and fourth quarter of 2021 over pre-pandemic levels.

Some authors blame the increase in excess mortality on the effects of the lockdown where many individuals were unable to obtain needed medical care for their chronic diseases and healthy people were exposed to those who were affected with COVID-19. But others point to the increase in deaths that occurred after the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine in 2021 with the number further increasing in 2022. Life insurance companies made a large number of death benefit payouts over the past year but also saw a jump in other death claims as well. They also noted an increase in claims for the 18 to 64 age group during this period. According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, some insurers noted that 2/3rds of the excessive deaths are related to COVID-19 and expect that this trend will continue as complications from the infection and vaccine is expected to remain for some time.

The Ethical Skeptic writes that the noticeable explosion of non-COVID-19 deaths didn’t occur until Week 14, 2021, and “by the end of 2021 it had become abundantly clear that U.S. citizens were not just dying of COVID-19 to the excess, they were also now dying of something else, and at a rate which eventually became higher than that of COVID itself.” They also note that non-COVID-19 mortality saw a mild uptick in October 2020, an effect they attribute to “the systemic damage which the SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus spike protein can produce in the human body. An erstwhile COVID delayed death if you will.”

Kenji Yamamoto a professor of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Okamura Memorial Hospital in Japan has expressed concerns that the COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to impair immune function. This sets up a potential problem for those who become ill later in life when immune function begins to wane. Additionally, The Lancet published a study showing that the COVID-19 vaccines loose their effectiveness after about 8 months and that their effectiveness was lower overall than that found in unvaccinated individuals.

So, what is the answer to this question? Certainly, there is no question that the past 2 years have seen an increase in mortality. But the question remains are they due to the lockdown, the presence of preexisting medical conditions or the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine itself. Additionally, we need to ask the question, what effect will the COVID-19 vaccine have in the long run on the overall health of the population. Depending upon the source there seems to arguments to support all of the above.

Thomas A. Kruzel, N D

Answer: Cell cultured meat is made from genetically engineered yeast that make a specific soy protein and a substance called soy leghemoglobin. Soy leghemoglobin which stands for legume hemoglobin, is the substance that gives the red color to the lab grown “meat” similar to what is found with real meat and helps to impart a “meaty” flavor. The soy leghemoglobin is then added to the burgers during the fermentation process. Apparently, a piece of fresh biopsied animal tissue is added to induce cells to differentiate into muscle for meat. The process occurs in vats similar to those used to make beer. According to the food manufacturers, the benefits include greater sources of protein for an increasing world population; addresses world hunger sustainably; reduces greenhouse gases; ends cruel & unhygienic industrial animal farming and addresses antibiotic resistance.

An objection to the Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) approval of genetically engineered foods has been filed by the Center for Food Safety (CFS) a nonprofit public interest group. They make the case that: “(1) FDA did not require testing of the raw product or the genetically engineered yeast; (2) FDA’s approval will allow GMO ‘heme’ to be used in new cell-based products without additional testing; (3) the product is not properly labeled; and (4) FDA failed to satisfy the “convincing evidence” standard that applies for approval of new color additives,”

Other critics such as Tom Nelter, chemicals policy director at the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and Michael Hansen, PhD, senior staff scientist at consumer reports say that while there have been scientific papers written regarding cell-cultured meat, none has actually analyzed the nutritional components of the finished product and further, that academic institutions have not been given samples, so they could do so. According to Michael Hansen: “This implies “problems behind the scenes,” … “I doubt this technology will work.” Both have been critical of the FDA for allowing the food industry to move forward with cultured meat and are concerned that they will allow it to be ushered in under the FDA’s Generally Recognized As Safe program where by the FDA relies solely on the manufacturers own documentation that bypasses the public comment phase. (The Generally Recognized As Safe program was the same one that allowed the COVID vaccine to be fast tracked without proper testing or comment.)

Also, of concern are the possible implications that ingredients in the genetically modified meat products have on the human microbiome. The concern is that the genome and genes themselves can be affected by epigenetic changes without even touching the DNA causing genetic changes with unknown consequences. Epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change ones DNA. However, what can occur is how your body reads a DNA sequence resulting in changes as to how your DNA works.

What I also found somewhat disconcerting in addition to the lack of knowledge as to what if anything else goes into the lab grown meat, is who is promoting its use. Individuals such as Bill Gates, Sir Richard Branson and food companies such as Cargill and Archer-Daniels-Midland are already heavily investing into the technology. Because of the lack of over site by the FDA, and the fact that the FDA is top heavy with industry representation, one should be cautious about consuming laboratory grown meat and other foods that are being developed.

Thomas A. Kruzel, N D

Xylitol is classified as a sugar alcohol, along with mannitol and sorbitol, that have properties of both without the same effects. Made form Birch tree bark, the sweetner was used during WW II because of the lack of sugar being imported. Along with Stevia, that is made from Stevia rebaudiana, a plant that is a member of the Astraceae family (ragweed), Xylitol has been touted a being beneficial in diabetes, to prevent tooth decay and help with weight loss.

Because of its low glycemic index, Xylitol is thought to help in diabetic patients by satisfying their craving for sugar but is not utilized by the body, thus lowering blood glucose levels. The glycemic index is considerably lower than with sugar and high fructose corn syrup, ingredients in most soft drinks that are the cause of obesity, especially in children.

The problem with dogs seems to be that Xylitol lowers their blood glucose levels in excess at times leading to seizures and liver failure. As to its effects on other animals, there is not sufficient data at this time, so we recommend caution.

Because of its benefit for oral health it is found in many dental care products. Xylitol does this by lowering the acidity of the oral cavity, increasing saliva production that has a bactericidal effect, while decreasing the risk of tooth decay.

The down side to Xylitol is that it can trigger gas and bloating, especially in children. This is also a problem with Stevia as well. This can be addressed by adjusting the amount used, starting low and adding more as the persons GI tract adjusts.

Xylitol does not have the bitter, licorice after taste that is often associated with Stevia, but does have a noticeable mouth cooling sensation, sort of like menthol.

Additionally there has been some concern that Stevia may have an effect upon kidney and reproductive function as well as some cardiovascular effects. Research is on going in these areas.

Both Xylitol and Stevia have the potential to lower blood glucose levels too much, especially in type II diabetics. This is because while they do not act like sugar in the body, they mimic it to our brains, setting forth a cascade of hormonal and biochemical responses as if it really was sugar. Therefore, as with any drug, herb or neutraceutical, caution is advised when first utilizing it. We also recommend that you read the label as all commercial products are not equal and have different additives.

Answer: There are several different types of saunas that one can experience, the idea with saunas being they provide health benefits such as increasing detoxification increased metabolism, weight loss, increased blood circulation, pain reduction, antiaging, skin rejuvenation, improved cardiovascular function, improved immune function, improved sleep, stress management, and relaxation. Saunas have been around since Roman times and many health spas today have them in various forms. Most often they are a dry or wet/steam sauna that heats the skin and causes one to sweat, the idea being that sweating eliminates toxins and increases circulation. More recently infrared saunas have become popular, there being both far-infrared and near-infrared saunas. The difference lies in the wavelength with the near-infrared having higher energy than the lower energy far-infrared wavelength. In theory far-infrared heats the body similar to other forms of sauna such as dry and steam from outward in, while near-infrared travels deeper into the body and thus causes a greater heating and therapeutic benefit. This benefit is thought to be due to photobiomodulation (PBM) that affects the bodies light receptors termed chromophores. Every biological system in the body contains chromophores, especially the mitochondria which provides cellular energy. The question becomes however, does the near-infrared sauna provide any greater therapeutic benefit than other saunas? As there are few if any studies other than testimonials, the jury is still out for me as to an increase in benefits. But I do encourage you all to consider utilizing saunas as it has been my experience that there is a health benefit experienced by most people, myself included.

Thomas A. Kruzel, N D

Scorpions don’t bite but they do sting. Remaining calm is important in treating the sting as it slows down absorption of the venom. Scorpion stings are not difficult to treat. We have many types of scorpions in Arizona, and even if you are stung by the Arizona Bark Scorpion, the most dangerous and venomous of the scorpions in Arizona, it is not likely to be fatal or even to have long-lasting effects.          It is however important to recognize scorpion sting symptoms which are immediate pain or burning, very little swelling, sensitivity to touch, and a numbness/tingling sensation.

If you stung by any scorpion, including the venomous Arizona Bark Scorpion, here are some immediate actions you should take:

1. Wash the area with soap and water.
2. Apply a cool compress on the area of the scorpion sting. Ice (wrapped in a washcloth or other suitable covering) may be applied to the sting location for ten minutes. Remove compress for ten minutes and repeat as necessary.
3. If stung on a limb (arm or leg) elevate the limb to heart level.
4. Take a dose of Ledum 30c every 15 minutes for 4 doses.
5. Call the Poison & Drug Information Center Hotline at 1-800-222-1222 or contact the clinic at 480-767-7119 if you are having difficulty.

Mosquito Bites

Why does it seem that some people are more susceptible to mosquito bites than others? The answer may be because of the compounds we spread on our skin or odors we emanate. Research has suggested that people with high concentrations of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes. Mosquitoes also target people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, probably being attracted by the smell. Any type of carbon dioxide is attractive, even over a long distance. As larger people tend to give off more carbon dioxide, mosquitoes typically prefer munching on adults to small children. Children however are very active which also attracts mosquitos. Pregnant women are also at increased risk, as they produce a greater-than-normal amount of exhaled carbon dioxide. Movement and heat also attract mosquitoes, so playing sports and sweating increases your chances of becoming a mosquito meal.

One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes but it’s not dinner they’re sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes (males do not bite people) need human blood to develop fertile eggs. Mosquitos transmit certain diseases such as malaria, a disease not seen as much in the U.S. these days but is found in tropical countries.

Here are some natural mosquito repellants you can try to cut down the chances of being bitten. Our thanks to Heather Caruso for passing them along.

Fire Ants

Three species of desert fire ants inhabit the southwest: Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant), Solenopsis aurea and Solenopsis amblychila. S. xyloni has the widest distribution of the three species in Arizona. If the nest location poses no hazard to people, the best solution may be to do nothing. Red Imported Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) are not established in Arizona yet but do show up periodically. These ants are more aggressive than our native fire ant species and the stings are far more painful.

The fire ant’s attack is a two-part process consisting of a bite and a sting. When one ant stings, they all sting and inject a venom that causes the release of histamine, a chemical in our bodies that can produce pain, itching, swelling and redness of the skin. Within seconds after the stings, discomfort occurs at each site and a small red welt appears. Each welt can enlarge rapidly, depending on the amount of venom that was injected and the victim’s sensitivity to the venom. The reaction persists for up to an hour, and then a small, clear blister will form. The fluid in the blister may turn cloudy, and the area will begin to itch. Most people experience only a small amount of redness around the sting site. A small percentage of people however are sensitive to the venom and experience more extensive redness and swelling. A few victims have extensive allergic reactions such as breathing difficulties or widespread swelling of body parts or worse which requires a visit to the ER.

Fire ants do not commonly nest in buildings. If found inside they are generally being drawn there by FOOD. Extreme temperatures may also bring them indoors. If found inside, do not spray but make sure floors are clean, especially the corners where food can accumulate. Spraying will not eliminate the ants but may increase them.

As with any insect bite, applying a cold compress, taking Ledum or Apis 30C may alleviate the initial symptoms. If symptoms persist, contacting the clinic or visiting the local emergency room is recommended.

Tick bites

Ticks  are small spider like animals (arachnids) that bite to fasten themselves onto the skin as they feed on blood. Ticks live in the fur and feathers of many birds and animals. Tick bites occur most often during early spring to late summer and in areas where there are many wild animals and birds.

Most ticks do not carry diseases, and most tick bites do not cause serious health problems. But it is important to remove a tick as soon as you find it as those that do can pass along some serious and debilitating diseases. Removing the tick’s body as soon as it is discovered helps avoid diseases the tick may pass on during feeding. Most importantly, removing the tick’s head helps prevent an infection in the skin where it bit you.

Usually, removing the tick, washing the site of the bite, and watching for signs of illness are all that is needed but some people may develop an allergic reaction to a tick bite. This reaction is usually mild with a few annoying symptoms. But in rare cases, a severe allergic reaction resulting in anaphylaxis may occur.

Many of the diseases ticks carry cause flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle aches. Symptoms may begin from 1 day to 3 weeks after the tick bite. Sometimes a rash or sore appears along with the flu-like symptoms. Common tick-borne diseases include: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, Tularemia, Ehrlichiosis. Relapsing fever, Colorado tick fever, and Babesiosis.

It is important that the tick be removed immediately upon being discovered and if possible, preserved so it can be identified by you physician. Again, use of Ledum 30C as an initial medicine is recommended.

Brown Recluse Spider

Brown recluse spider bites often go unnoticed initially because they are usually painless bites with little tissue destruction. Occasionally, some minor burning that feels like a bee sting is noticed at the time of the bite. Symptoms usually develop two to eight hours after a bite. Symptoms commonly encountered are severe pain at the site which occurs after a few hours, itching, nausea & vomiting, fever, and myalgia (muscle aches/pain).

Initially the bite site is mildly red and upon close inspection may reveal fang marks. As time progresses, the bite site will become firm and heal with little scaring over the next few days or weeks. Occasionally, the local reaction will be more severe with erythema and blistering, sometimes leading to a blue discoloration, and ultimately leading to a necrotic lesion and scarring.

As with any bug bite, keeping it clean, using ice and a few doses of Ledum 30C will help alleviate symptoms. Consultation with you doctor is in order.

Bee Stings

A bee sting is strictly a sting from a bee (honey bee, bumblebee, sweat bee, etc.) but it most often can mean a sting of a bee, wasp, hornet, or yellow jacket. Some people may even call the bite of a horsefly a bee sting. The stings of most of these species can be quite painful and are therefore keenly avoided by many people.

Bee stings differ from insect bites in that the venom or toxin of stinging insects is quite different. Therefore, the body’s reaction to a bee sting may differ significantly from one species to another.

The most aggressive stinging insects are vespid wasps (including bald-faced hornets and other yellow jackets) but not hornets in general (e.g., the European hornet is less harmful). All of these insects aggressively defend their nests.

In people with insect sting allergy, a bee sting may trigger a dangerous anaphylactic reaction that is potentially deadly. Honeybee stings release pheromones that prompt other nearby bees to attack.

The first step in treatment following a bee sting is removal of the stinger itself. The stinger should be removed as quickly as possible without regard to method: studies have shown the amount of venom delivered does not differ whether the sting is pinched or scraped off and even a delay of a few seconds leads to more venom being injected. Once the stinger is removed, pain and swelling should be reduced with a cold compress and a dose of Apis 30C should be administered. Apis 30C can be taken every 15 minutes for 4 doses if necessary.

Many traditional remedies have been suggested for bee stings including damp pastes of tobacco, salt, baking soda, papain, toothpaste, clay, garlic, urine, onions, aspirin or even application of copper coins.

If you are having difficulty following any sting, contacting your physician or a trip to the nearest emergency facility is important.

Bed Bugs

Bedbugs are small, oval, brownish insects that live on the blood of animals or humans. Adult bedbugs have flat bodies about the size of an apple seed but after feeding their bodies swell and turn a reddish color.

Bedbugs do not fly, but they can move quickly over floors, walls, and ceilings. Female bedbugs may lay hundreds of eggs, each of which is about the size of a speck of dust. Immature bedbugs, called nymphs, shed their skins five times before reaching maturity and require a meal of blood before each shedding. Under favorable conditions the bugs can develop fully in as little as a month and produce three or more generations per year. Although they are a nuisance, they do not transmit diseases.

Bedbugs may enter your home undetected through luggage, clothing, used beds and couches, or other items. Their flattened bodies make it possible for them to fit into tiny spaces, about the width of a credit card.  Bedbugs do not have nests like ants or bees but tend to live in groups in hiding places. Their initial hiding places are typically in mattresses, box springs, bed frames, and headboards where they have easy access to people to bite in the night when they are most active.

Because bedbugs live solely on blood, having them in your home is not a sign of dirtiness. You are as likely to find them in immaculate homes and hotel rooms as in filthy ones.

Most bedbug bites are painless at first, but later turn into itchy welts. Unlike fleabites that are mainly around the ankles, bedbug bites can be found on any area of skin exposed while sleeping. Bedbug bites do not have a red spot in the center like flea bites do.

If you wake up with itchy areas you didn’t have when you went to sleep, you may have bedbugs, particularly if you got a used bed or other used furniture around the time the bites started. Other signs that you have bedbugs include blood stains on your sheets or pillowcases; dark or rusty spots of bedbug excrement on sheets and mattresses, bed clothes, and walls; bedbug fecal spots, eggshells, or shed skins in areas where bedbugs hide; an offensive, musty odor from the bugs’ scent glands.

Getting rid of bedbugs begins with cleaning up the places where bedbugs live. This should include the following:

1. Clean bedding, linens, curtains, and clothing in hot water and dry them on the highest dryer setting. Place stuffed animals, shoes, and other items that can’t be washed in the dryer and run on high for 30 minutes.
2. Use a stiff brush to scrub mattress seams to remove bedbugs and their eggs before vacuuming.
3. Vacuum your bed and surrounding area frequently. After vacuuming, immediately place the vacuum cleaner bag in a plastic bag and place in garbage can outdoors.
4. Encase mattress and box springs with a tightly woven, zippered cover to keep bedbugs from entering or escaping. Bedbugs may live up to a year without feeding, so keep the cover on your mattress for at least a year to make sure all bugs in the mattress are dead.
5. Repair cracks in plaster and glue down peeling wallpaper to get rid of places bedbugs can hide.
6. Get rid of clutter around the bed.

If your mattress is infested, consider getting rid of it awhile taking care to rid the rest of your home of bedbugs so they will not infest your new mattress.